Chaulagain, Gaurav and Upadhyaya, Medhavee (2021) RUNTIME VERIFICATION AND PREDICTIVE SAFETY SHIELDS FOR AUTONOMOUS AGENTS: A GRIDWORLD SIMULATION STUDY. International Journal on Human-Computing Studies, 3 (3). ISSN 2615-8159

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Abstract

Autonomous agents perform in variable conditions where acquired or heuristic decision-making procedures could engage in actions that contradict safety guidelines. While safety shields can react before a potentially harmful action is executed, runtime verification finds differences from formal requirements. However, when these factors are combined, it leads to a trade-off between safety and utility due to inaccurate observations, unclear barrier dynamics, and limited time for decision-making. Modules such as a three-valued temporal monitor, a finite-horizon action risk filter, a minimum-modeled-risk contingency plan, and an observation-focused probabilistic motion prediction system are presented in this paper as Runtime Verification with Predictive Shielding (RV-PS). In a controlled setting, there are 240 navigational realms evaluated at four levels of sensor mislocalization; in five simplified controllers, there are 960 shared environments and 4,800 paired policy implementations. In comparison to the unshielded control (24.17%) and traditional predictive shielding (16.98%), the proposed RV-PS shows an average collision-episode rate of 2.08% across several scenarios at a three-step interval and a modeled-risk threshold of 0.075. As an example of the consequences of being too careful, its mean task completion rate is 71.35%, which is lower than the conventional shield's 82.50%. Completion rates are increased from 73.75% to 88.75% with a relaxed threshold of 0.20 and collision rates are raised from 2.92% to 4.17% when there is 25% sensor noise. Ablations expose vulnerabilities that can be addressed through anticipatory actions, dealing with uncertainty, and choosing backup plans. Under any given sensor-noise scenario, all policy variants use the identical generated obstacle pathways. In addition to a thorough analysis of safety, efficacy, and any remaining shortcomings, the research offers concrete evidence at the level of specifications.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Runtime verification, Safety shields, Autonomous agents, Safe reinforcement learning, Temporal logic, Risk-aware control, Gridworld simulation
Subjects:	H Social Sciences
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	29 Oct 2026 15:14
Last Modified:	29 Oct 2026 15:14
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/17310

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