Hossen, Belal and Bhuiyan, Fazle Alahi (2025) Sustainable and Green Supply Chains: Optimizing Freight, Reducing Carbon Footprint, and Implementing Circular Economy Practices. American Journal of Economics and Business Management, 8 (3). ISSN 2576-5973

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Abstract

Background: Sustainable and green supply chain management has become essential due to rising environmental concerns, increasing carbon emissions, and resource depletion across global logistics and transportation systems. Traditional supply chains significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, requiring integrated sustainability solutions. Aims: This study aims to analyze freight optimization, carbon footprint reduction, and circular economy integration within sustainable supply chain systems. Methods: A structured literature review approach was adopted using peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and recent academic studies from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords included sustainable supply chain, green logistics, carbon footprint, freight optimization, and circular economy. Thematic analysis was conducted to categorize findings into major dimensions: logistics efficiency, emission management, and circular resource utilization. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured relevance, quality, and recent publication focus. Results: The results indicate that freight optimization significantly reduces transportation costs and carbon emissions through route planning, load consolidation, and modal shifts. Carbon footprint management enables identification of emission hotspots using Scope 1, 2, and 3 classifications, supporting targeted reduction strategies. Circular economy practices such as reuse, recycling, remanufacturing, and reverse logistics enhance resource efficiency and reduce waste generation. Additionally, digital technologies including AI and IoT improve supply chain visibility and optimization. The integration of these three dimensions leads to improved environmental performance, cost efficiency, and long-term sustainability across supply chain systems. Conclusion: Integrated sustainable supply chain practices significantly enhance environmental performance, reduce emissions, and promote efficient resource utilization, ensuring long-term operational and ecological sustainability.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Green Procurement, Eco-Efficient Operations, Green Transportation Optimization, Sustainable Supply Chain Performance, Sustainable Business Advantage
Subjects:	H Social Sciences
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	13 Jul 2026 06:50
Last Modified:	13 Jul 2026 06:50
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/16758

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