Primary and Secondary Autonomous English and Uzbek Verbs for Laugher and Crying

Azimova, Muxtasarxon Jaloliddin qizi and Ollaberganova, Mashhura Umrbek qizi (2024) Primary and Secondary Autonomous English and Uzbek Verbs for Laugher and Crying. Journal of Sustainability in Integrated Policy and Practice, 2 (11). pp. 1-5.

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Abstract

This study explores the primary and secondary autonomous features of English and Uzbek verbs in the context of two specific emotional states: laughter and crying. Autonomous verbs, which denote actions that can either be self-initiated or involuntary, provide insight into both linguistic and psychological mechanisms. By comparing the two languages, this research analyzes how verbs related to laughter and crying differ in terms of agency and reflexivity. In English, verbs such as laugh and cry demonstrate both primary autonomy, where the subject is the agent of the action, and secondary autonomy, where external stimuli or emotions trigger the action without conscious control. In Uzbek, the distinction is more nuanced, with specific morphological markers signaling the involuntary nature of these actions. The study identifies and categorizes these verbs into primary and secondary autonomous types, drawing on both syntactic and semantic frameworks. Additionally, the research incorporates cross-linguistic comparison to highlight how cultural and cognitive factors influence verb usage in emotional contexts. The findings suggest that while both English and Uzbek exhibit similar patterns of verb autonomy, the degree to which the subject is perceived as an active participant or a passive recipient of these emotional states varies significantly across languages. This comparative analysis not only deepens our understanding of the verb system in each language but also contributes to broader theories of language and emotion, offering insights into how different cultures encode emotional experience linguistically.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	P Language and Literature > P Philology. Linguistics
Divisions:	Postgraduate > Master's of Management
Depositing User:	Journal Editor
Date Deposited:	05 May 2025 13:27
Last Modified:	05 May 2025 13:27
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/16034

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