Jasim, Oday Jawad and Al-Tmemy, Wisam Basim and Awad, Atheer Fouad (2026) THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CYTOKINE LEVELS AND THE CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES TOBACCO-CONTAINING PRODUCTS. Journal of Healthcare and Life-Science Research, 5 (5). pp. 187-196. ISSN 2181-4368

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Abstract

Cigarette smoking is a worldwide epidemic and the most prevalent cause of many diseases, leading to increased morbidity and mortality globally. The impact of smoking on the pathogenesis of cancer is being extensively studied; however, cigarette smoke as an immunosuppressant is less well recognized. In the current study, Samples were collected in the period from 21-Feb-2025 to 16-Mar-2025. The target population was long-term smokers, hookah users, vape users, HTPs users, along with non-tobacco consumers. The criteria were planned so that smokers should have been smoking for at least 7-10 years, but due to the new products hitting the market (Vape & HTPs), the minimum usage time has been reduced to 3 years of use for those recent products. A collection of samples was conducted in a sterile environment. Although many samples were collected outside the lab, maximum sterilization possible was considered. For each sample, a 5ml syringe was used for phlebotomy from which 2ml of whole blood was collected in K3EDTA Tubes, and the other 3ml was collected in Gel tubes to obtain serum. This study examined the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) across different tobacco and nicotine product user groups, including cigarette smokers, heated tobacco (IQOS) users, vapers, and waterpipe/hookah smokers, compared to healthy non-smokers. The findings highlight significant variations in inflammatory responses, with cigarette and waterpipe smokers exhibiting the highest INF-γ/IL-6 ratios, suggesting enhanced pro-inflammatory immune activation in these groups.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	A General Works > AI Indexes (General)
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	05 Jun 2026 13:24
Last Modified:	05 Jun 2026 13:24
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/16526

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