Al-Mihanya, Rawaq Haider and Ibrahim, Ihsan Raisan and Mayih, Hayder Saud (2026) Estimation of KLRK1 (NKG2D) and 4-1 BB Gene expression as a biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis of Severe COVID-19. American Journal of Biology and Natural Sciences, 3 (9). ISSN 2997-7185

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Abstract

The complications of the respiratory system, that demining from pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, are the marker to disease severity of COVID-19. Natural killer (NK) is innate immune cells that contribute in body defense against viral infections; a decrease in these cells affects the development and severity of  COVID-19. The study consists of 34 cases diagnosed as severe COVID-19, 19 females and 15 males aged  (23-75) years, who attended Al- Diwaniyah teaching hospital during the period (October 2023- July 2024). The healthy group included 20 samples, 13 males and 7 females aged (27-61) years. After diagnosis of COVID-19 -2 by the positive result of RT-PCR  from nasopharyngeal specimens and chest CT scan,  RNA was extracted from the blood specimens for measuring mRNA KLRK1 and 4-1BB via RT- qPCR technique.  The result in the research revealed lower KLRK1 mRNA in patients with COVID-19 (0.51 ±0.25) compared to the healthy group  (1.22 ±0.56), while 4-1BB was elevated in patients with COVID-19  (2.07±0.94) compared to the healthy group (1.21±0.58)  at a significant level (P ≤ 0.01). This study indicated that the deceased mRNA KLER1 and elevated 4-1BB in COVID-19 patients might be an independent biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis of the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	KLRK1, NKG2D, 4-1BB, COVID-19, qPCR, ROC
Subjects:	H Social Sciences
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	05 Nov 2026 08:28
Last Modified:	05 Nov 2026 08:28
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/17481

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