Ziraoui, Anas and Diallo, Amina and Sow, Amadou (2026) High-Concentration Re-Esterified Triglyceride EPA+DHA Fish Oil: Formulation Characterization and Clinical Evidence for Triglyceride Homeostasis. American Journal of Biology and Natural Sciences, 3 (9). ISSN 2997-7185

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Abstract

Concentrated marine omega-3 products must retain polyunsaturated fatty acids during processing and deliver them in a form suitable for oral use. We characterized a mackerel-derived re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) fish oil developed as the BCLC® high-concentration EPA+DHA platform. Formulation measurements were considered together with published human evidence on triglyceride lowering. The process used low-temperature antioxidant pretreatment, enzymatic oil release under nitrogen, pH-salt demulsification, ceramic-membrane clarification, ethanolysis, two-stage molecular distillation and immobilized-lipase re-esterification. Final oils contained 68.9-71.4% EPA+DHA and 81.7-84.0% triglyceride-type lipids; residual ethyl esters were 7.9-10.6% and TOTOX values were 15.0-17.0. In the optimized reference process, EPA+DHA rose from 28.1% in refined mackerel oil to 72.8% in enriched ethyl esters and measured 70.6% after rTG conversion. Human trials report triglyceride reductions with gram-level EPA+DHA, and rTG formulations have produced efficient omega-3 incorporation. Across randomized trials, the response varies with dose, baseline triglycerides and background lipid therapy. These formulation characteristics allow high-concentration rTG EPA+DHA to be evaluated at defined exposures for triglyceride and lipid homeostasis.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	EPA, DHA, re-esterified triglyceride, fish oil, triglycerides, omega-3 index, mackerel
Subjects:	H Social Sciences
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	02 Nov 2026 12:13
Last Modified:	02 Nov 2026 12:13
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/17394

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