Ahmed, Marwa Tareq (2025) The Looming Threat of Bacterial Resistance and Immune Response Disruption: A Review. World of Medicine : Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2 (7). ISSN 2960-9356

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Abstract

A broad range of antibiotics are prescribed and used too often and too readily, driving the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is a threat to human health, animal welfare and food security all over the world. The multifactorial aspects of antibiotic misuse that include the influence on resistant bacterial strains and the resulting immunocompromise of the host are reviewed. Bacterial resistance mechanisms such as decreased uptake, target modification, destruction of antibiotics by enzymes, and the activation of efflux pumps are discussed, as are the effects of antibiotics on the innate and adaptive immune systems. Special focus is given to the importance of gut microbiota in maintaining immune homeostasis, and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in disrupting mucosal immunity and increasing the susceptibility to recurrent difficult-to-treat infections. In addition, the review examines the co-evolution of resistance and immune evasion mechanisms, which help to enable pathogen persistence and disease recurrence. Lastly, new solutions like antibiotic stewardship programs, microbiome recovery strategies and innovative therapeutic strategies are explored as key interventions to prevent antibiotic overuse and reduce the long-term immunological and epidemiological impacts of antibiotic use.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antibiotic Resistance, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Immune System Disruption, Gut Microbiota,, Efflux Pumps, β-lactamases
Subjects:	H Social Sciences
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	31 Oct 2026 10:38
Last Modified:	31 Oct 2026 10:38
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/17331

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