Muhammad, Suzan Tahseen and Sharif, Yaseen Obaid Noori Ahmed and AlMafarji, Tariq Raad Thaer and Ahmed, Khalid Khalil and Al-Ani, Suhaib Hakim Isaa and Mahmood, Ekhlas Thaer Genetic Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Genotypes and Their Single Crosses in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science, 17 (04). pp. 217-226. ISSN 217-226

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Abstract

The study was conducted in a farmer’s field in Kirkuk province using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three Replications. Ten bread wheat genotypes from ICARDA (Site Moul, Kauz, Abu Ghraib, Florca, Oasis, Kalak, Milan, Sham 6, Ibaa 99, and Hadhab), were evaluated. A half-diallel crossing model was carried out in the 2022–2023 season to evaluate performance and estimate genetic parameters. In the 2023–2024 season, the genotypes and their single crosses were grown, and data were collected for number of spikelets, grains per spike, spikes per plant, 1000-grain weight, plant yield, biological yield, harvest index, and yield efficiency. The analysis of variance table showed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among the genetic combinations for all studied traits. Regarding the parents, parent Ibaa 99 (9) excelled in number of spikelets per spike (26.27), number of spikes (37.77), and biological yield (167.76 g), while parent (2) was superior in number of grains per spike (56.44) and harvest index (0.437). Parent (4) had the highest 1000-grain weight (44.50 g), and parent (5) showed the highest plant yield (48.41 g) and yield efficiency (0.041). Among the hybrids, hybrid (3×10) performed best in number of spikelets and harvest index (0.440), hybrid (4×3) in number of grains (57.77), hybrid (7×4) in number of spikes (40.99), hybrid (6×2) in 1000-grain weight (44.90 g) and biological yield (155.42 g), hybrid (9×2) in plant yield (48.08 g), and hybrid (4×1) in yield efficiency (0.048). Estimates of genetic variances showed additive gene action prevailing in most traits, except for biological yield where dominance was more pronounced, suggesting pure line selection and hybrid breeding, respectively. These results highlight the potential of genetic variation and hybrid vigor for sustainable genetic improvement.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	A General Works > AI Indexes (General)
Depositing User:	admin eprints
Date Deposited:	14 Sep 2026 09:09
Last Modified:	14 Sep 2026 09:09
URI:	http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/id/eprint/17097

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